Diagnosi oncologica materna e comunicazione ai figli minorenni: studio osservazionale retrospettivo
Parole chiave:
Comunicazione della diagnosi tumorale, Distress materno, Impatto emotivo sui figliAbstract
L’articolo espone l’attuazione del progetto intitolato “Ascoltami”, promosso dalla LILT - Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori e volto a conoscere il livello di distress, accusato da madri che hanno ricevuto una diagnosi tumorale, e l’impatto che l’evento ha sui figli in età evolutiva. Lo studio scansiona le modalità operative, con le quali le madri hanno dato comunicazione ai figli della cattiva notizia appresa, usando la griglia SPIKES (Setting – Perception – Invitation – Knowledge – Emotions – Summary) di Baile e Buckman. Si tratta di un’indagine retrospettiva osservazionale condotta con 20 madri, le quali richiamano lo stato emotivo provato alla diagnosi di cancro, mediante compilazione del Termometro del Distress, e riferiscono la loro percezione degli impatti emotivi sui figli, mediante la compilazione del questionario TSCYC (Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children). Le madri appalesano un iniziale forte distress, che si modera a distanza di un mese, connesso a personali problemi emozionali, a problemi relazionali con il partner e a preoccupazioni per la cura dei figli; i figli sono percepiti a rischio di ansia e depressione e persino di sindrome post-traumatica; la comunicazione materna talora è del tutto latitante e, quando viene proposta, non segue tutte le fasi del modello SPIKES. Lo studio raccomanda di suggerire alle madri con diagnosi tumorale di seguire lo schema dello SPIKES e di valutarne gli effetti sui figli.
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